Munzir Hakimi
BEIJING – China recently announced a significant investment of 6 billion yuan (approximately $826 million) aimed at boosting the development of solid-state batteries by leading domestic battery manufacturers. Unlike traditional batteries, solid-state batteries use electrolytes made of glass, ceramic, or solid polymers instead of liquid lithium salts, offering higher energy density, more charge-discharge cycles, and increased safety against thermal runaway reactions.
Despite this hefty investment, the timeline for mass production and implementation in vehicles remains uncertain. Experts have expressed skepticism regarding the technical feasibility and production challenges of solid-state batteries. Reaching large-scale production will require validating current technologies, particularly in performance, lifespan, and cost efficiency for vehicle propulsion. Researchers also need to ensure these batteries can withstand everyday driving conditions, including rough roads and minor collisions.
While waiting for solid-state batteries to become viable, Chinese EV manufacturer Nio and WeLion New Energy Technology Co. are focusing on semi-solid-state batteries. These batteries use gel electrolytes and offer significant improvements in energy density and driving range compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. Tests in various Chinese cities have shown impressive results, with Nio’s semi-solid-state batteries achieving over 1,000 kilometers on a single charge. Nio plans to integrate these batteries into its vehicles starting this month.
However, the competition in battery technology is fierce, with various global companies pursuing different approaches. Steve W. Martin from Iowa State University emphasizes that no single country or technology currently dominates the race for the next-generation battery. Companies like QuantumScape and Toyota are also making strides in developing solid-state and semi-solid-state batteries, with promises of high energy density and rapid charging capabilities.
In conclusion, while China’s substantial investment and advancements in semi-solid-state batteries mark significant progress, the global race for next-generation battery technology remains wide open. The industry continues to face technical hurdles and competition from various international players, each striving to lead the future of electric vehicle propulsion.
